NP_Publications

CONCLUSIONS: CSC MRI provides candidate neuroimaging biomarkers for early detection and characterization of myelopathy in MPS I and VI. Structural damage extends beyond primary maximal compression areas, highlighting these markers for clinical monitoring and future therapeutic trials.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established neuromodulation therapy approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and epilepsy, with growing interest in its application to other conditions. Despite demonstrated clinical efficacy, VNS remains underused in psychiatric care. This mixed-methods study examined stakeholder perceptions of VNS, focusing on access, stigma, ethical concerns, and acceptability across epilepsy, depression, heart failure (HF), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We...

No abstract

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occurs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Comorbid PTSD and AUD is associated with poorer outcomes including worse treatment prognosis and significant physical health consequences. Both PTSD and AUD are polygenic in nature and genetically overlap. Previous work showed negative or non-significant associations between PTSD and alcohol consumption but positive genetic associations between PTSD and AUD. This work highlights the need for more nuanced...

No abstract

CONCLUSIONS: Together, our findings point to alterations in neural metabolism across multiple brain areas in PwPP that are associated with impaired cognitive and perceptual functioning.

The landmark ongoing HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study will longitudinally chart brain development in a large sample (projected n = 7200) of infants through age 10 years with multimodal neuroimaging that includes an advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) acquisition. Here, we detail advances in dMRI image processing developed for HBCD, incorporated into the widely used QSIPrep pipeline. Major changes to preprocessing include improvements in infant brain extraction, distortion correction,...

The development of increasingly complex implantable neuromodulation devices requires extensive benchtop validation and testing prior to in vivo implementation. Our goal is to enable this in vitro testing by creating a benchtop system that is accessible, easy-to-use, and functions reliably across academic and industry environments, reducing discordant results that arise from discordant approaches. Furthermore, such a system paves the way for standardizing benchtop characterization of future...

Analyzing multimodal brain networks offers new insights into the mechanisms of brain disorders. However, most studies focus on unimodal networks or use global/local graph metrics, often missing critical information about disrupted pathways. In this study, we propose a novel framework for estimating static and dynamic multimodal brain graphs by integrating time-resolved functional network connectivity (FNC) and gray matter features using a Gaussian graphical model. We then apply a path-based...

Adolescence is a life period marked by increased emotionality, and, for some, volatile friendships and emotion dysregulation. Yet little research has examined peer processes in relation to adolescent emotion dysregulation from a dynamic perspective. This 3-wave longitudinal study examined two peer-related processes - loneliness and friend support - in association with emotion dysregulation with data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we examined if these associations differed in...

We are grateful to Dr. Scharko,¹ who drew on his experience as a physician, scientist, educator, and mentor to offer a thoughtful response to our brief commentary that reflects an important perspective.² We agree with his concern that protected time and funding to conduct research can be difficult for child and adolescent psychiatrists to access. This is true not just during fellowship training but throughout our careers. We also acknowledge and appreciate the remarkable efforts of Dr. Scharko...

CONCLUSIONS: Impaired value-based decision-making is dimensionally associated with greater NSSI engagement, with reduced punishment-based learning and choice persistence emerging as preliminary cognitive markers. With further research, these computational targets may eventually inform early identification and intervention efforts.

Adolescent brain development is difficult to study at scale because diffusion MRI (dMRI) measures are sensitive to technical variability across scanning environments. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is the largest US-based longitudinal neuroimaging study of adolescent brain maturation. We present ABCD-Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) Community Collection (ABCC) release 3.1.0, a curated resource of more than 24,000 fully processed human ABCD dMRI datasets from...

Changepoint analysis for time series data identifies the time points for which properties about the data shift. In this paper, we are motivated by two distinct types of biomedical time series data: digital health monitoring and neuroimaging. The neuroimaging study consists of multivariate time series obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The digital health monitoring data consists of binary univariate time series observed within an individual throughout the...

CONCLUSIONS: SMA-directed cTBS is a safe, feasible augmentation that may amplify the neural effects of CBIT on sensorimotor circuitry. Findings identify cTBS as the preferred stimulation regimen for future efficacy testing.

Depression is among the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions worldwide. It is associated with low mood and motivation, cognitive inefficiencies, altered reward and punishment learning, and broader executive dysfunction that can disrupt daily functioning. Depression has also been linked to differences in sensory perception, sensitivity, and processing speed. However, how depression affects sensorimotor decision-making under uncertainty remains comparatively understudied. In this...

Visual noise is widely used as a stimulus in vision science, yet the neural representation of noise itself remains poorly understood. We investigated how external visual noise is encoded in the primary visual cortex (V1) using a biologically inspired neural network model (VOneNet). We simulated V1 responses to noise patterns and analyzed both the response of individual model neurons and the correlations among them. As expected, simulated neurons with smaller receptive fields showed stronger...

CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive, social cognitive, and metacognitive capacities-as experienced within an individual's social context-can buffer the effects of stress exposure on vulnerable individuals by enabling adaptive behavioral strategies and modulating maladaptive neurophysiologic responses. Resilience-promoting interventions that target these factors include: fostering safe and supportive social contexts for individuals at risk for or experiencing psychosis; developing their cognitive health...

OBJECTIVE: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are common in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), including those who are weight-restored. Dysfunction in reward processing has been proposed as a mechanism linking AN to STBs; however, little research has interrogated putative reward links between these phenomena. The present study examined behavioral markers associated with STBs in weight-restored AN using two reward-related decision-making tasks.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that TMS' effects on cognitive control are state-dependent, in which endogenous engagement of PFC-anchored networks can shape the magnitude and functional relevance of TMS-evoked activity and the associated modification of circuit function. Constraining cognitive states during TMS may therefore offer a framework to enhance the reliability of TMS' effects.